Understanding Schizophrenia
A guide to a long-term mental health condition.
This is Not a Diagnostic Tool
What is Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a long-term mental health condition that causes a range of different psychological symptoms. Doctors often describe it as a type of psychosis, which means the person may not always be able to distinguish their own thoughts and ideas from reality.
People with schizophrenia do not have a "split personality," and the condition does not usually cause someone to be violent.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions, muddled thoughts, and a loss of interest in everyday activities.
Positive Symptoms (changes in behaviour or thoughts)
- Hallucinations: Hearing or seeing things that do not exist outside of the mind.
- Delusions: Unusual beliefs not based on reality.
- Confused thinking and speech: Jumbled thoughts can make conversation difficult.
Negative Symptoms (withdrawal from the world)
- Losing interest and motivation in life and activities.
- Not wanting to look after yourself and your needs.
- Wanting to avoid people, including friends.
- Appearing emotionless or flat.
Causes, Treatment and Support
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A stressful life event or drug misuse can trigger the condition in someone who is already vulnerable.
Treatment
Schizophrenia is usually treated with a combination of medicine (antipsychotics) and talking therapy (like CBT). With effective treatment and support from a community mental health team, many people recover and manage the condition well.
Living with Schizophrenia
Recognising the signs of a relapse, taking medicine as prescribed, and talking to others are key parts of managing the condition. Charities like Mind and Rethink Mental Illness offer excellent support and information.